Financial Statement Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Statement Analysis - Research Paper ExampleIt provides awareness to the investors in that pull in them in making important investment decisions. The analysis of the firm will reveal its financial background, operational efficiency, liquidity position, and profitability, going concern, and capital structure and gearing position. Industry analysis facilitates the understanding of the operating environment, appellative of external threats and opportunities for investment, analysis of trends within the industry and the general performance of the industry.The Yum Brands Inc. is a fast food restaurant incorporated in 1927. The company establishes, operates, franchises and licenses a global system of restaurants, which make, pack and sell a poster of priced food commodities. The company has three powerful brands, TACO Bell, KFC and Pizza Hut, which has continuously sustained its profitability everywhere the years. Over the years, the company has reported increase in turnove r, profits and returns to shareholders. The earnings per share of the company has an upward trend for the past eight years with the exception of 2013 when the earnings dropped significantly (Morningstar Inc., 2014). The companys evolution is driven by its powerful brands, superior marketing strategies, breakthrough innovations and competing values, and venturing into new markets (Yum Brands Inc., 2014).The restaurant business in the U.S is highly competitive with major multinational companies such as Yum Brands, Starbucks, McDonalds, Wendys, and Chipotle. Personal income, demographics and consumer tastes and preferences drive demand in this industry. Individual entities in the industry have varied profitability levels. Whereas the quick-service restaurants rely on high-volume turnover and businesslike operations, the full-service restaurants rely on effective marketing and high-margin items. This industry is experiencing an upward growth trend in sales, profitability and sharehol ders returns over the years

School Attending and Academic Performance Hypothesis Testing Essay - 1

School Attending and Academic Performance Hypothesis examen - Essay ExampleWhat is the alternative hypothesis?The alternate hypothesis isH0 = 75.62 (Performance on a test of mixer skills is same.)What is the null hypothesis?The null hypothesis isHa 75.62 (Performance on a test of social skills is different.)What should the research worker conclude about this relationship in the population?The researcher should conclude that attending a hidden high school does not lead to higher(prenominal) or lower work on a test of social skills when compared to students attending public schools.Are the results significant? Explain your response.The results are not significant. The Zobt judge of 1.54 falls within the non-rejection region (-1.960 to 1.960), thus the null hypothesis H0 is not rejected.What is the probability of making a token I misapprehension?The probability of making a lawsuit I error () is 0.05, as the Zcrit value of 1.960 refers to 0.05 significance level for a two-t ailed test.If a Type I error were made, what would it mean?Type I error refers to rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true. Thus, if a Type I error were made, it would mean that attending a private high school leads to higher or lower performance on a test of social skills when compared to students attending public schools when in fact it is not true.What is the probability of making a Type II error?The probability of making a Type II error () is about 0.6615. The power (1 ) of the test is 0.3385.If a Type II error were made, what would it mean?Type II error refers to not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact false. Thus, if a Type II error were made, it would mean that attending a private high school does not lead to higher or lower performance on a test of social skills when compared to students attending public schools when in fact it is false.

Survey Results and Scores Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Survey Results and Scores - Research Proposal ExampleAccording to Coffman (2000), organizations need to kick in clear definitions of the cause expectations from the employees. The author argues that while the explicit tasks are clearly spelled out, the implicit tasks must as well as be defined clearly. If these functions and tasks are not defined clearly, then it leads to a de-motivating gap between presentiment and performance. So while the employee feels that the work done has been as required, the manager or supervisor may pass expected al aboutthing more and this leads to statements such as I expected you to this also and not wait for my request. This is a somewhat favorable response to have gotten.The next question got a rating of 3.7 and the result cigarette be interpreted on the lower level of Agree. Daly (1985) has emphasized the importance of having the recompense materials, at the right time and with the right people. The researcher had conducted extensive reviews a bout the productivity norms between German and British manufacturing firms and the finishing was that the German industries were far ahead in productivity than the British forms. The main reason was that the proper tools and materials were provided to the workers on time and this lead to optimum use of the workforce. The same logic can be used for RBN and the quite lower score suggests that improvement needs to be done with regards to the availability of software tools and testing systems. The ternary question received a low score of 2.9 and the score is interpreted as Somewhat Agree. Singh (1994) has argued that clean recruits, typically who are fresh out of college or who have put in a match of years of service succeed with preconceived notions of a high profile challenging work and they come with a mission to transplant the world. When such recruits are faced with a rather sedate and invariable works that may not involve very high level of work, the recruits face a ficti onal character of disillusionment, which gradually builds into resentment. They feel that they are capable of doing a much higher level of work. After some interval of time of the new joiners do not see any change in their work content, they tend to look for other openings. While organizations cannot change their work processes to suit the likes of their employees, they need to bring in measures such as work rotation that will offer some kind of a change in the lives of the employees. The fourth question got a pretty low score, and that is not to be taken as a good sign for the company. It has been given a low score of 2.9 and the score is interpreted as Somewhat Agree. The low score shows that there is discontent over what the employees feel about rewards and recognition. Bishop (1987) has given inside information about a survey in which 150 HR employees ranging from executives to hourly employees from some of the nations 1,000 largest companies were surveyed to understand how the employees regularize the work satisfaction. In the survey, 47 percent said that recognition and praise were very important for job satisfaction. Next came promotions that ranked 26 percent and then came perks at 7 percent. The author concludes that employees are most worried about recognition from the managers and praise for a job well done. There is some struggle about the concept of a job well done and employees may raise complaints about the enthusiast attitude of managers when it comes to recognizing

Core Needs Addressed and Bases of Market Segmentation Essay - 16

Core Needs Addressed and Bases of Market Segmentation - Essay ExampleExamining the case of road Bryant, it is ostensible that the company is seeking to meet the basic need for clothing with their introduction of a upstart activewear line. The workout-wear branded as Livi Active is a product that seeks to meet the clothing desires and demands of women trance participating in the lyceum exercises or as they leave. Availing it in sizes that fit a higher character of its target customers has ensured this demand is met (Mahoney, 2015).This base of segmentation considers the demographic variables including age, size, education, religion, gender among others (Blythe, 2008). Considering the case of Lane Bryants unsanded-fangled product, Livi Active has been initiated with clear conscious about certain variables. Gender, age and body size are the basal aspects that have been examined extensively. The product seeks to meet the demand of ladies and not any other gender. Also, the gap in toll of body sizes has been thought through before coming up with a product that suits size 12. This has been generated from the knowledge and statistics available.Consequently, the psychological influence that drives people into having needs and wants have been considered. In this case, lifestyle is the core aspect that has sensible the development of this product. In the plus-size women desire to look sharp and this makes them develop a strong need for gym wears that are designed with colors that can attract them. The bright colors are apparently the crush for this.The companys new product targets plus-size women whose body size are above size 12. The new product is to be designed brightly and fashionably for the large-bodied customers who, in the past, have not had the chance to pick up such stylish clothes. Unlike the traditional system whereLane Bryant only stylishly designed wears for mediocre and small size customers, the new product will incorporate the large sizes to enjoy the same.

Halo 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

atmosphere 4 - Essay ExampleHalos atomic number 18 a special ring like structures quite similar to orbitals of the solar system.Halo combat Evolved in addition known as Halo CE or Halo is the head start game of the Halo series that was released in 2001 and considered as the Killer app for Xbox gaming system. About five million copies of Halo CE was change within four years after its release that forced Microsoft to launch its computer versions.Second representative of the Halo sequel was launched in 2004 on Xbox and later the Microsoft version for computer in 2007. The game was improve with multiplayer maps. Also, players can alternatively choose the role of a human and alien in a contend that made the game to a greater extent interesting.Halo 3 is the third part of the halo sequel that cerebrate the story arc which continued for the previous 2 parts of the series. Halo 3 sold more that US $170 million worth copies in the first day of release that broke whole the previous records.A new version of Halo 3 ODST was released in 2009 known as Orbital Drop Shock Troopers. Players are given the choice of devil modes of playing that they can choose from. champion is Campaign mode and the other is Firefight. It is a multiplayer game with more difficult enemy line to killing and survive for longer.After releasing Halo 3 in 2007, Bungie split up in two teams, one created the ODST version while others created Reach. It came up with a new story line taking nates in 2552, where humans are locked with aliens. Covenant attack the human world and players fight them back by controlling the soldier named Noble Six.Halo CEA is an advanced form of Halo Combat Evolved. It was released alongside of Halo 4 in 2011 by a large number of companies. It was a more advanced game with extra-ordinary features including new maps, multiplayer, Xbox live service. The game was the first that supported the Kinect in the whole series.Halo 4 is the first part of the new trilogy that was named Reclaimer Trilogy It was

Louis Paul Pojmans Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Louis Paul Pojmans Argument - Essay Example earthly concern is a social animal and it is difficult for him to lead an isolated life. We are connected to many entities in this serviceman and therefore our actions may affect others also. For example, if a person committed a crime, the police allow interrogate all his relatives and family members in order to collect evidence. In other words, the crime committed by a person may affect others as well. If one person kills another, the relatives of both the sea wolf and the killed provide be jump outed along with the killer. The person who was killed may have a wife, parents, and children. The wife disconnected her husband whereas the children lost their father. The parents lost their son and the neighbors might have lost a good friend. Same way the killer may also have all the same entities and they also will suffer because of the killers criminal act. In other words, even if the criminal is a single entity, many other entities suff er because of the actions of the single entity. In short, even if we arrest the criminal and punish him, the persons who lost their beloved one may not get much in return. Under such circumstances, Pigmans arguments seem to be good on paper, but in practice, it is difficult to achieve.It is a fact that we deserve what we earn. that it is difficult to limit the lucre within ourselves because of the complex relationship within the human community. Human has emotions and feelings and it is difficult to lead an emotionless or feeling less life. We can argue that the hardworking fellows should be rewarded properly whereas criminals or culprits should be punished. But we cannot argue hardworking fellows always get rewards whereas the criminals always get punishments. At the time of writing this paper, world cup football is going on.

Justice right and the state Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Justice right and the state - testify ExampleRawls underlines that in violating this basic right a person has failed to do a fundamental duty.Minimax surmise means a rule which trick be applied to all decisions in order to plant the maximum executable loss. In contrast, maximin theory implies rules which can help a decision-maker to increase the minimum gain. Rawls states that two prniples can be seen as a basisable conception of justice. He argues thatThere is an analogy surrounded by the two principles and the maximin rule for choice under uncertainty. . . . The maximin rule tells us to rank alternatives by their worst possible outcomes we are to adopt the alternative the worst outcome of which is superior to the worst outcome of the others (Rawls 1971, pp.152-3).For instance, the conditions stipulate that undertake parties follow the maximin rule. Then, they will strive to maximise the supreme welfare level of the least advantaged. The Difference precept developed by Rawl s suggests that it is fundamentally concerned not with absolutes but with relativities (Freeman, 2002). The maximin rule does not demand, as the Difference ruler does, that people moldiness never allow any advance above the benchmark of equality, save in so far as this advance is to the advantage of the least fortunate (Ralws 2005, p. 153). Still, according to the maximin rule all person can advance but in case others are not deprived their rights. It is authorized to state that disadvantaging has to be understood as making worsened off, not as making worse off just comparatively, and without any modification of further conditions (Freeman, 2002). This discussion leads researchers to one of the things more or less both the applications programme to maximin in Rawls and the Difference Principle. Rawls wants both of the rulers to be applied always, and without inquiry into the level of the minimum. In real lifetime situation, those solid, ordinary, and not irrational customers su ggest by the relative diffidence of the pools element in their regular budgets that up to some acceptable minimum standard of living they maximin and then, but only then, maximax. Rawls is thinking of all affable goods as distributed by some authority (Pogge and Kosch, 2007). Such a distribution, of what is all at bottom property, can only be a zero sum function if one single(a) lacks something, then the reason is solely that it has been allocated to someone else. So what an outsider might see as one individual befitting better off at no one elses expense, looks from inside the world of justice as carnivalness like that individual being needlessly given what might have been issued instead to another, and ought to have been (Daniels, 1989). The entire argument in Rawls states that all the goods of every kind which have been, are, or will be produced or discovered within their to them unknown nationwide territory, are now available, free of any prior claims, for distribution at t he fair collective judgment of the contractors. The various good or ill deserts of the other several characters must all be grounded upon accidents and contingencies that is, the contingent facts about what they did or failed to do. All such particular and essentially claims about right and desert are in the broadest sense moral and as such disputatious (political Egalitarianism 2008). This discussion allows me to say that Rawls follows maximin principles in his theory of Justice. He states social

Business Law Phase 2 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law Phase 2 separate Project - Essay Examplesaid contract period, to comply with any provision of this Agreement think for the clients protection or benefit, or that that by its sense and context, is intended to survive the completion, spillage or termination of this Agreement. Contractor understands that no work should begin under this agreement until all essential signatures on this Agreement have been obtained. Any work performed by contractor prior to such quantify shall be considered as having been performed at the contractors own risk and as a volunteer. thickening may terminate this Agreement in whole or in part for its sole Convenience. Upon keep an eye on of such termination, Contractor shall immediately stop all work including shipment of goods under this Agreement and stimulate its suppliers and/or subcontractors to cease their work for this Agreement. In the event of such termination, Contractor shall be entitled to payment, careful on a pro rata or other equit commensurate basis, determined by the Client in its sole discretion, for work or services satisfactorily performed. In no event shall Contractor be paid for work performed or costs incurred after receipt of notice of termination, or for costs incurred by suppliers or subcontractors, which reasonably could have been avoided.Offer It is mentioned that the offeror/ contractor offers to perform the house renovation as agreed upon in annex 1. Basing on the given guidelines, the contractor shall render the service necessitate by the client in exchange for monetary payment at the end of the contract period. It is to a fault stated how the contractor expects to be compensated in the Terms of Payment section. As such, the contractor is able to clearly state what is expected of him while bound by this service contract.Acceptance The client/ offeree horse sense his intent to comply with his side of the agreement by signing off the document. With this, the client makes it clear that he understands what is expected of him as a client and agrees to pay for the

40 Definetions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

40 Definetions - try out ExampleThere are a lot of consequences of the noise defilement. It has an effect on the general surfacebeing as well as hearing power of the humans. The high concentration of noise as well as its persistent use flush toilet be a reason of wound to the ears. It may come the permanent loss of hearing. A huge blast can lead to the damage to tympanic membrane. It may create nervousness and constant worry which may bring about the panic. It causes the disorder of nervous systems of urban children and causes the emotional disorders in conjunction with the unusual behaviour. It may raise the heart rate, lessened productivity, constriction of vessels as well as damaged vision. In case of animals it can have an effect on the heart, coloured as well as witticism. It may as well have an effect on the brain by expanding the blood vessels. It may as well have an effect on the eyes by dilating the pupil and cause the digestive spasms. It may as well cause the raise in cholesterol level in blood (Finney, p 89, 1984). hurly burly Pollution usually indicates unnecessary sound created by human activities -unnecessary for the reason that it hinders the communication, job, relaxing, leisure time, or sleep. The two mainly significant measurement of noise pollution are sound force and sound concentration, these are calculated in various units, and the range of the order is separate as well as incredibly large compared with noise (Nelson, p. 22, 1975).Noise pollution can be defined as human generated sound damaging to physical condition or wellbeing. pith of transports are the most awful lawbreakers, with aeroplane, railroad stock, wagons, buses, cars, and motorcycles all creating too much of noise.Every sound which is frustrating, disturbing, or physically detrimental is noise pollution. The physical consequences can consist of tinnitus, hearing loss, nervous tension and insomnia. Noise pollution is generally talked about in terms of

Developing Management skills - 8th edition david a Whetten & Kim s Essay - 2

Developing Management skills - 8th edition david a Whetten & Kim s cameron - Essay Exampleensation rewards and schemeal goals will make employees take full control of their jobs hence improving their efforts and overall job performance. check to Navistar Internationals incentive plan, the plain aims at enabling the organization and its affiliated play along subsidiaries to attract and retain employees with high gear qualifications and skills. Additionally, the bon tons incentive plan aims at attracting consultants and non-employee directors who have special skills in the operation of the company (Whetten and Cameron 90). The company is focused on providing its key employees occupying major positions an opportunity to earn incentive awards in aura with the quality of their individual performance and achievement of performance goals.In line with the above mentioned organizational goals, the company has designed a number of compensations for its different categories employees. Th e company has different levels of employees defined by their tasks and responsibilities (Whetten and Cameron 95). The awards for performance search on the performance of employees and their level of employment as stated earlier on. The objective of the company is attracting and retaining especial(a) talent through attractive compensation packages. The incentive plan for the company is designed in such a way that employees with greater certificate of indebtedness receive higher compensation compared to employees with less responsibility. This is because employees with greater responsibility have higher skills and talents and the organization is keen in attracting and such a group of employees in tell to improve and maintain good performance.The organizations incentive plan is based on pay-for-performance. The organization provides for the establishment of a committee that is responsible for the evaluation of employee performance and recommendation for compensation. Since the orga nization aims at attracting and retaining exceptional talent and skills, the pay-for-performance

Global Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Global Marketing - Essay ExampleThis look bequeath begin with the statement that organizations, which are operating in any industrial fields including in the sector of Information Technology (IT), would want to expand their operations into orthogonal territories due to various factors. That is, organization could telephone ab extinct launching foreign marketplaces if they have achieved optimal success in the home market, or due to heightened arguing or saturation in the home market, or due to good opportunities in the foreign market, etc, etc. Whatever is the motivation for the firms to enter foreign territories, it is paramount on the part of the organization to lead the foreign market in an in-depth as well as extensive manner. Various factors will be at play in those foreign markets, and those factors will either aid the entering organization or will pose a major challenge to the organization. These factors will be visible both in the macro as well as in the micro enviro nment of the organization. In the macro-environment, factors including political, affable, cultural, economic, etc., could move the entering organization. In the micro or in the immediate environment of the firm, market factors including competitors, recent trends, etc., will impact the organization. After analyzing these factors, the firms have formulate a set of objectives, so they have can have a clear path, regarding what to achieve and how to achieve those objectives. The next tombstone process is analyzing the various instauration modes and finding out the best entry mode. The firms should also plan out the selling strategies that have to be implemented in the entering countries before-hand, so they can aptly reach their products or services to the intended customers. All these key processes will be applicable to our software development firm as well. Our company is a sensitive sized software firm developing software for applications in many sectors pickyly electronics and communications sector. In our home operations in UK, we have around 2000 employees working in our various offices in consequence of cities. We are achieving optimal success and good profits in the UK market, but still some competition is emerging. Although, we can aptly fight the competition, with the intention to grow further, we are looking at foreign expansion. So, aft(prenominal) achieving great success in the UK market, our firm has decided to broaden our horizons and target, initially the two foreign markets of brazil nut and India. This report will first do an environmental audit of both the countries through the PESTEL and Porters Five Forces tool, and by focusing on the market as well as the competitors. Secondly, the report will set the SMART global marketing objectives for going international, then will discuss about the entry modes, finally ending with the discussion about the marketing strategies that has to be implemented for optimal success. Environmental audite d account Every market or country including Brazil and India has certain unique or common political, social and economic conditions, along with different clients base, consumer behaviour and competitors. These distinct aspects could aid as well as freeze the organisations entry into that particular market as well as the resultant success. So, understanding and analyzing these aspects behaviour in relation with the product or service is a key necessity. Based on this analysis only, the marketing strategies need to be formulated, so that organisation can reach maximum customers, entice them and importantly reach long-term relationship, thereby retaining them. As the above mentioned country specific aspects need to be mainly analyse in relation with the product that is going to be launched, the products profile should fit with the consumer of that particular market. Although, it applies to all product range, it is of utmost importance to the firms dealing in the IT sector. So, from the above understanding, it is clear that, the macro and the micro environment for the software firms as well as the consumer behaviour in the Brazilian and Indian market has to be analyzed, based on

Responsible Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Responsible patronage - Essay ExampleMoreover, the discussion of this report will as well evaluate the nature of honest trading and its importance as well as impact on business behaviour in society. In addition, the report intends to focus upon evaluating the role of government as an influencer or enabler in relation to practice business ethics within an organisation. The Aspects Constitutes Responsible transmission line Responsible Business basin be stated as a perception where an organisation involves accountability in wonderful significant impact in its antithetic operational functions. It has been apparently observed that the organisations of different sizes employ as well as implement strategies with the intention of attaining their business objectives efficiently. In this similar condition, an effective ethical thoughtfulness within the business environment assists the entrepreneurs to develop their business performances along with meeting the overall expectations of their stakeholders by a considerable level. A responsible business fundamentally aims to meet expected outcomes that generates from certain major programmes much(prenominal) as escalating awareness turn overing any ethical issues, developing decision-making processes and lessening misconducts that prevail while do different operational functions. Furthermore, a responsible business considerably focuses upon continuously developing the business performances by fetching into concern its internal as well as external business environment. The organisations in the present sidereal day context are highly focused to conduct different environmental initiatives in order to cleanse their business performance that ultimately supports them to perform responsible business at large (International Trade Administration, n.d.). Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) In relation to identify the aspects that constitutes responsible business, it can be stated that the approach of ethical business and CSR are frequently implemented interchangeably. In this regard, the concept of ethical business constitutes code of moral standards and values that governs the behaviour of a person or group with regard to identify their different activities. Moreover, the perception of ethical business significantly emphasises upon balancing the business performances and the needs as well as the desires of the society where it performs its operational functions. It comprises certain moral guidelines along with principles that ensure to guide business operations as well as behavioural aspects of the organisational members in an efficient manner (Crane & Matten, 2004). In the context of CSR, it can be identified that the approach i.e. ethical business significantly involves different aspects of responsibility that hold legal, economic, ethical as well as voluntary philanthropic activities both for the organisation and its operating societies. Contextually, it can be stated th at the legal responsibilities of an ethical business are basically the laws and regulations that are followed while performing operational funct

E-Logistics and International Supply Chain Management Essay

E-Logistics and International Supply Chain Management - Essay ExampleThis report stresses that the service counseling activities of a company aptly use the net and other information and communication technologies. This is because it is the only mention of information for the customers of the business. The use of profit is done to provide real magazine data to the customers, especially colligate to the interfaces with the functions of the operations and logistics departments. The internet has major impacts ion these processes in both the downstream activities and the internal parts of the tot up chain. The internet is used for the recognition of events and understanding the opinion of the customers and is also used to communicate effectively with the customers regarding their needs and the responses of the company. This writing makes a conclusion that the impact of the internet is a major area of focus in the supply chain management process. The development of e-SCM is only a s tep forward to integrate internet effectively in the supply chain and logistic processes. The main impact of internet is that it allows the sharing of real time data which is very useful for the smooth functioning of the supply chain management system. The use of internet can lead to several benefits like there reduction in the costs, maintenance of optimal armory levels, proper allocation of stocks, advanced planning and proper forecasting of the demands and quick response to the anticipated market demands.

A Practical Marketing Communication Report for Rolex and other Related Essay

A Practical Marketing converse Report for Rolex and other Related Brands - Essay ExampleIn addition, the counselor-at-law was also able to successfully draw comparisons with the strategies used by other less, or indeed much successful scratchs in the same(p) category. It was found that the chosen brands were consistent in their message sourcing and establishment of their credibility. Rolex is aiming to create image and identity and set ahead as a brand for high-end users. However, Timex is consistent with its effort to create marketing communication that is associated with latest path trend models. On the other hand, Nordstrom is trying to establish a more focus strategy to order its product offerings as specialty products for women with varying styles, options, needs and wants. More detailed explanations and implications of the elements used by Rolex in its marketing communication argon discussed. Keywords marketing mix, marketing communication, marketing, Rolex Table of Co ntents Page Abstract 2 accession 4 Discussion 4 Message sourcing and credibility 4 Establishment of credibility 6 Timexs point of view 7 Nordstrom style 8 Conclusions 8 Recommendations 9 References 11 Introduction Rolexs website is a special place to advertise and promote its brand. However, when one has to open the site, the actual products are not the ones to be visibly observed, but the celebrity endorsers like tennis players and recently among the finest players of all time. contradictory any other brands or websites which are built for the purpose of advertisement and promotion, the website for Rolex seems to be promoting the players than its actual products. The website looks like trying to establish the credibility of the spokespersons by making it to the point of giving the visitors more knowledge intimately the players especially in their performance, and actual capability when they make it on court. As observed, not all of the scoop contemporary tennis players were cho sen as spokespersons, so this creates an implication that there must something more rough these featured celebrities on the Rolexs website that could help establish the brand. The focus of this paper is in this particular give away while integrating the concept associated with the actual communication mix used to promote Rolex to its range audience. The proponent of this report chooses Rolex as a branded consumer product and critiques its associated communications mix used to promote to its target audience. Part of the analysis is an explanation why, in the proponents opinion, specific elements which are discussed below possess been selected to support the brand. In addition, the proponent also draws comparisons with the strategies used by other less, or indeed more successful brands in the same category. Discussion In this section and as stated below are considerable explanations well-nigh the specific elements used to support Rolex as brand and the corresponding strategies use d by Timex and Nordstrom as another leading brand. Message Sourcing and Credibility Rolex, a brand of watch that tries to position itself as highly differentiated and creating identity and image as elegant with ultimate unswerving performance, is highly associated with sports and socialisation particularly in tennis. The best way to integrate this brand into sports and culture is to allow endorsements coming from celebrities. Thus, the pastime of Roger Federer and other tennis players is part of the message sourcing and credibility. What do Federer, Ivanovic, Henin, Na and other excelling tennis players bring to the brand? Based on the advertising and marketing concepts discussed in the class, Rolexs main goal could be about establishment of credibility of its brand

Innovation and The Sustainable Organisation Individual written Essay

Innovation and The Sustainable Organisation Individual scripted assignment - Essay Examplecance to these aspects, this paper intends to explain the green technologies strategized by Toyota along with a writings review on the stated area of research. This paper in like manner deals with fruitful ranking of the industry compared to its rivals from the spherical market establish on the sales of the company.Toyota is currently reputed as among the most competitive business, which provides variety of vehicles with freshly models linked but entirely differentiated on dimension of financial services. The company is much assign for its ability to meet the inescapably of the customers, which has also empowered its competitive advantages, brewing talented employees valuing their innovative ideas. In its recent endeavors, Toyota has implemented an advanced set of green technologies for improving the lifestyle of the customers by providing them better eco-friendly services. The products pr oduced by Toyota are also preferred for their good quality and new design approach, without compromising the comfort needs of its customers. Overall, these features help in grabbing the attention of customers (Deeppa & et. al., 2012). A major feature providing differentiating advantages to Toyota products is its use of green environmental technologies that also display the responsible attitude of the company towards its stakeholders. The company is also attaining competitive advantages by providing vehicles or cars based on the lifestyle choices of the modern environment and the market structure. third estate technologies are thus required for the frugal culture of the company as well as to attain competitive advantages through greater sustainability of the products (Deeppa & et. al., 2012). Green technologies applied by Toyota also involve durable and comfortable designs, innovations and greater viability of the products that has significantly contributed to the overall developm ent of the company. In accordance with several subject areas, green technologies can be identified as environmental science,

Why I Decided To Go To College Essay Example for Free

wherefore I Decided To Go To College EssayFor this essay I will be giving a better understanding closely how I ever decided to buckle crop up and get into taking college courses to get a Bachelors in health and perceptions. Then discussing what conformation of encyclopedism style I turn over most dominant and which style is my weakest. universe in the United States Coast Guard, you lose to sit down with your supervisor every six month to do a personal evaluation. During the last evaluation, he asked me well-nigh college and I told him that I wasnt interested. He told me that I shouldnt waste this opportunity to get a cheap higher education and doing it all online makes it possible for any trunk that works ridiculous hours. After the evaluation, I looked into what kind of degree I wanted. I didnt k now what I was interested in doing away the military. So my wife and I sat down and we discussed what I could see myself happily doing. It came down to health and science o r outdoor education.I figured with a better understanding of the effects of what personal strains does to the system would be a more appropriate choice. After doing all three inventories for this assignment, it showed that my most dominant learning style hands down was being a kinesthetic learner and that my weakest learning style was audible. Being a Kinesthetic learner means that the more hands on the better you will memorialize something. Instead of you learning with more of your ears or eyes, you retain more information through the whole body with muscle memory. If your highest preference is kinesthetic, you prefer to be a hands-on learner and most likely love life to move around frequently, like athletics, and to build things with your hands.Be grateful for your talents and also, it is important to know that most troupe and school environments cater to peoplewhose highest learning style preference is visual. (The Center for New Discoveries in Learning, 2012, split 03)inst ance, in boot camp, we had lectures and seamanship class. In these lectures it would be a sit and listen to the Company Commander about the lesson trying my hardest not to fall asleep and getting the whole company in trouble. Whereas seamanship class we would act with the Company Commander as a unit learning different types of vessels stabilities and getting hands on time about how to tie knots, fighting fires onboard a cutter, and the lighting off different types of flares for distress purposes. Having the audible learning style as my weakest means that I have a hard time sit down down and listening in on classroom discussions.After taking all three livestock test and all of them calling me a Tactical (Bixler, 2010) or a kinesthetic learner, I would have to agree with it. Growing up I hated going to class and not being equal to move around or just staring outside waiting for the bell to ring. But now I defiantly use my kinesthetic learning style to my advantage at work. Working outside all day gives me the opportunity to exercise it.In conclusion, I have decided to go to online college to track a Bachelors degree in health and science after my supervisor back up me. After taking three different learning style tests, I have come to fetch that I am a kinesthetic learner. This means that I learn better through physical activities rather than sitting down and listening to the Company Commanders at boot camp. I agree to the results of being a kinesthetic learner.RefrencesThe Center for New Discoveries in Learning. (2012). Learning styles inventory. Retrieved from http//www.howtolearn.com/learning-styles-quizBixler, B. (2010). Learning style inventory. Retrieved from http//www.personal.psu.edu/bxb11/LSI/LSI.htm

Magnifying and Obscuring Essay Example for Free

Magnifying and Obscuring EssayThe stories of John Updikes AP and William Faulkners A rose for Emily both make mapping of the first soulfulness commit of judgement in narration but with very different and kinda powerful effects that also affect early(a) elements of the story. The ways in which these two stories play with the person elements of a piece of fiction show just how important it is to make sure that these individual elements atomic number 18 all taken c ard of and built-up with equal care and attention, because a problem with one element erect resolve into a problem with the sinless story the elements must all be able to work unitedly to support each other and to weave a tight story. AP uses the first person, non-omniscient, singular point of suck up (POV) narration to build rapport with the main character, Sammy for example Im in the third check-out slot, with my back to the door, so I dont see them until theyre over by the bread I could see Lengel in my p lace in the slot, checking the sheep through. (Updike 560). This company with Sammy is a very important one because it is pretty much the driving force of the story skill of whats going on in a teenage boys head firearm there are half-naked girls walking about can make an arouse read.This point of view is truly what helps push the reader on along as she or he plods through the AP dapple. With A come up for Emily, on the other hand, we are given the first person, non-omniscient, plural point of view. Obviously, because it is plural it cannot be the view of the main character, lam Emily Grierson. Instead we seem to have the entire story narrated to us by the entire town When dud Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral for a long while we just s besidesd there, looking round at the profound and fleshless grin (Faulkner).This works to increase the mystery that surrounds Miss Emily and her house because we neer really knew what she is thinking or feeling. This point of view, giving an air of mystery, again, helps push the reader on to discover what happens end-to-end the story. Relating with the use of the POV are the different story plots. Here, we can see a great difference mingled with AP and A Rose for Emily because we find that one is mainly character-driven while the other has a strong plot that keeps the readers going through the story.It is AP that is, obviously, character-driven because of its simple plot of a boy wanting to elicit the attention of whatsoever pretty girls, which is preferably common. Even the events in the story and the simple chronological way that it folds are quite ordinary it is really Sammy his thoughts and his feelings that make a reader interested in the story. And, even up to the ending, readers are all interested only in Sammys fate and no one elses I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter (Updike 564).In A Rose for Emily, on the other hand, we have a story with a strong plot, aid ed by the effective point of view narration, which moves the story along. The story hooks readers into the plot by making them curious about who Miss Emily Grierson is from the very beginning readers are wondering why she is a fallen monument and what is so interesting about the inside of her house (Faulkner). The non-linear timeline that the story follows also strengthens the mystery of Miss Emily because the building block to her disembodied spirit must be pieced together slowly and with a certain amount of intuition, at first.Now, the characters of the two stories are also very different one is as open to us as a entertain laid flat-open, while the other is mystery to the very end. With Sammy of AP, we never seem to see a concrete glimpse of in terms of physical appearance but the readers would all know him if they met him. The first person narration lets us in on all the things that makes Sammy think and tick with that little grocery stop. In his observation of the girls, we find a young man with a keen eye and, also, an eye for beauty.He also shows us the ability of a good imagination when he imagines how the girls behave and how their relationships with each other must be like as when he describes the long-stalked girl as a tall one, with black hair that hadnt quite frizzed right, and one of these sunburns right across under the eyes, and a chin that was too long you know, the kind of girl other girls think is very striking and attractive but never quite makes it, as they very well know, which is why they like her so much. (Updike 561) Sammy, as we can surmise, is a boy that is very much in-touch with his surroundings and his imagination. The characterization of Miss Emily, in contrast, is one that is left marshy and shadowy. Because we only see her through the townspeoples eyes, we never really see her clearly we can only watch her through the stories, the memories, and the patchwork guesses that these observers give us.But even from this blurry view of Miss Emily through a window, we can see how guarded and closed-off she is from her environment as when she acted ignorant of Colonel Sartoris death (Faulkner) the total opposer of Sammy. In AP, we are set-up in a small grocery store that effectively concentrates our attention on no one and nothing else but Sammy and his current preoccupation. The AP grocery store acts as the perfect magnifying frappe to help us focus on our main character and how he deals with the current situation.A Rose for Emily is set-up up throughout decades of a life and in different places of the town this manner of a aspect makes for even to a greater extent mystery as the reader tries to fill in all the gaps between the days that the narrators had no contact nor any knowledge of what went on in Miss Emilys life. The vast backcloth diffuses the readers minds and it wanders across time and space, searching for a complete picture of Miss Emily Grierson.These two stories, perhaps more different th an alike, prove that good stories dont need to follow a certain conventionalism to mold in order to be good it is in the writer and the dedication to his work that makes a story count.Works CitedFaulkner, William. A Rose For Emily. 16 February 2008. Fu Jen University Department of English Language and literary works. 26 June 2009 http//www. eng. fju. edu. tw/English_ Literature/Rose/el-text-E-Rose. htm Updike, John. AP. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature Eighth Edition. Ed.

The Importance of Being Earnest Essay Example for Free

The richness of Being Earnest EssayThe comedy in Importance of Being Earnest focuses on the dispirited classes at the turn of the 19th century, the time when the play was written and set. Whilst creating humour by mocking their absurdities i. e. lesson and social values and ideas, he also provides the audience the witty banter of the idle rich and their pretty ridiculous lifestyles and attitudes to enjoy. These idle rich seem to revel in making trivial matters primary(prenominal) and important matters trivial. Wilde uses a range of techniques to simultaneously mock aristocratic niminy-piminy society and to create humour dramatic irony the dialogue and language of the characters i. e. puns/wordplay, paradoxes and their witticisms the significance of the themes at the time of the play and today the actions of the characters characterisation and the suppuration of the increasingly ridiculous plot, which in all culminates in the discovery that Jack was the baby in the handba g. The play begins in a realistic atmosphere for the time that the play was set the characters behave and talk in the leisurely, pointed and sensible manner of their day. The bachelors only relax when they are alone. We see their idle nature almost immediately by the characters trivial preoccupation with food, one of the themes of the play.In the first few lines of dialogue in the opening scene, we witnesser Wildes witty way with words and the consequent humour he creates in the scene. Algernon, avoids admitting that he plays poorly and claims that he plays with wonderful expression, as though doing so were more transcendent. He emerges to be quite a narcissistic character and it seems that Wilde intends him to represent the pompous nature of the rich, rather like Lady Bracknell does. Algernons dialogue is always fine and his quips, paradoxes and unorthodox attitudes provide quite a lot of the humour in the play.Sometimes, what the characters say might enunciate intelligent bu t in fact, is silly. It is hidden by the sophisticated sentence structures. Wildes use of language is seldom simple as Gwendolen says, it is style not sincerity which is important, i. e. he cares more for a statement existence clever rather than true. The characters in The Importance Of Being Earnest are all language conscious. The sentences they pronounce are perfectly formed and a reflection of how aristocrats would like to speak, not how they did speak at the time. They all try to sound intelligent.At all times, even at tense times, the characters prioritise the upholding of a phoney mask of politeness. An example of this is when Lady Bracknell says rise from this semi-recumbent posture at once. Again it is a mockery of Victorian aristocrats. Both Dr Chasuble, who is somewhat pedantic, and Miss Prism show an explicit interest in the language they use, they repeatedly state where their metaphors are drawn from Were I fortunate enough to be Miss Prisms pupil, I would precipitat e upon her lips. I spoke metaphorically my metaphor was drawn from bee.

Italy and Greece Essay Example for Free

Italy and Greece EssayIts all fat, but does it make you fat? In this coursework I am going away to explain the health implications of eating saturated and hydrogenated fats by investigating individual types of oils and margarines and their affects. My research into antithetical types of fats will explain which fats should be eaten more or less of and the reasons for this. I will also maunder about the fats we shouldnt eat, what affects they overhear on our bodies and wherefore we should avoid eating them. I am then going to form an for and against argument about why hydrogenation in the industry can harm our bodies and then contend to a conclusion whether I think we should or shouldnt eat hydrogenated fats. In this part of the task am going to find out and explain what is meant by monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fats/oils. Triglyceride Molecule A triglyceride is a pinch that requires ane(a) glycerol molecule and three adipose sulfurouss, which is mainly constituted in vegetable oils and sensual fats. The chemical formula is RCOO-CH2CH (-OOCR) CH2-OOCR, where R, R, and R argon longer alkyl chains.The three fatty acids RCOOH, RCOOH and RCOOH can be all disagreeent, all the same, or b arely deuce the same. This part of my coursework will explain what is meant by Monounsaturated, unsaturated and gross(a) fats or oils. Monounsaturated Fat Monounsaturated fats or (Monounsaturated fatty acids) are fatty acids that only contain one stunt man adhesion in the chain and the rest of the remaining blow atoms in the chain are single bonded. Fatty acids are long chained molecules with a methyl group at one end and a carboxylic acid group at the other. The fluidity of the fatty acids increases with the increasing piece of double bonds.Monounsaturated fats have a higher melting temperature than polyunsaturated fats but lower than saturated fats. Monounsaturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature and semisolid or solid when refrig erated. Monounsaturated fats are found in vivid foods such(prenominal) as nuts and avocados and are the main component of tea seed oil and chromatic oil (Oleic acid). Macadamia nut oil, grapeseed oil, groundnut oil (peanut oil), sesame oil, corn oil, popcorn, whole grain wheat, cereal, oatmeal, safflower oil, sunflower oil, tea-oil Camellia and avocado oil are also sources of monounsaturated fats.Oleic acid is typical monounsaturated fatty acid which has 18 carbon atoms with the first double bond occurring 9 carbon atoms away from the methyl group. other typical monounsaturated fatty acids take on Palmitoleic acid which has 16 carbon atoms with the first double bond occurring 7 carbon atoms away from the methyl group and 9 carbons from the carboxyl end and Vaccenic acid which has 18 carbon atoms. Oleic Acid Polyunsaturated Fat Polyunsaturated fat or (Polyunsaturated fatty acids) are fatty acids which contain more than one double bond within the molecule.It has two or more points on its social organisation capable of supporting hydrogen atoms that are currently not part of the structure. Depending on the geometry of the double bond the polyunsaturated fatty acids can assume a cis or trans conformation. They can be divided into two categories Omega 3 fats which can be found in tilt, seafood, and lean meat, plant foods such as cereal grains, seeds, nuts, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables, figs and also in plant oils including soja beanbean, canola, linseed and walnut.Oily fish such as mackerel, salmon, trout, tuna, sardines, herring and gemfish contains more omega 3 fatty acids than white fish. Omega 6 fats which is the second category are mostly found in nuts, seeds and plant oils such as corn, soy and safflower. There many benefits of omega fats, some of which are lowering blood cholesterol levels and in doing so reduces risk of coronary flavour disease. The melting point of the compound is significantly lower because the strength of the intermole cular forces is reduced due to the lack of hydrogen atoms on the molecules surface.Trans fats solidify at a higher temperature than cis fats devising them more similar to saturated fats than cis fats. A typical polyunsaturated fat is Linoeic acid both of the double bonds in Linoeic acid are cis. Linoeic Acid Saturated Fat Saturated fat is fat that consists of triglycerides that only contain saturated fatty acids radicals. There are several natural occurring saturated fatty acids which differ by the number of carbon atoms they range from 3 carbons (Propionic Acid) to 36 carbons (Hexatriacontanoic Acid).Chains of saturated fatty acids have no double bonds which makes them fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. Foods containing a high proportion of saturated fats include dairy products especially cream and cheese and also butter and ghee. Others foods also include animal fats such as suet, tallow, lard and fatty meat, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, palm kernel oil, chocolate and some prep ared foods. A typical saturated fatty acid is Stearic acid. Stearic Acid Fats that we should eat more of and why?We should eat more non-saturated fats which are Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated fats, these types of fats and oils have numerous health benefits. It transports fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K throughout the body and also cushions and protects internal organs. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) benefit your heart, metabolism and repellent system. Some EFAs are used by the body for structural, hormonal and electrical functions rather than energy. These EFAs increase metabolic rate and increase fat burn off resulting in loss of weight. Fat is a intemperate source of energy.It can also prevent irregular heart beats and reduces inflammation. We should avoid eating Saturated fats as they are bad for health and they clog up arteries causing heart disease and strokes. save health warnings to avoid saturated fat have been misinterpreted which makes people thinks avoid all fat . Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated fats are actually good for you if eaten sensibly. Diets high in saturated fat have been correlated with an increased relative incidence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Saturated fats increase cholesterol levels in your body which increases the risk of heart disease.

Intelligence oversight Essay Example for Free

Intelligence oversight EssayIntroduction MEK OverviewThe Mujahadeen-e-Khalq (MEK) is also k instantern as the Peoples mujahideen of Iran (PMOI). MEK has been sporadic whatever(prenominal)y active in attempting to overthrow the Iranian government since the early 1960s, and its members have used a variety of tactics to achieve their political ends including political campaigning, subversion, and violent attacks targeting civilians. Due in part to their targeting of American civilians living in Iran during the 1970s and their raise of S instituteam ibn Talal Hussein, the united States State Department has jousted MEK as a Foreign Terrorist transcription. In October 2012, the U.S. State Department will decide whether to remove MEK from the FTO list establish on MEKs denouncing terrorist tactics and devotion to diplomatic means to win power versus violent attacks (Masters 2012). Origins, Ideology and GoalsMEK was born(p) out of a student- conference resistance to Shah Pahla vi in 1965. The founding members of MEK in Tehran regarded the Shah as a U.S. puppet, and they mat up that his western sandwichization of Iran went against Irans traditional Islamic values. They believed in a violent overthrow of the Shah to return Iran to Islamic rule. In 1979, the congregation aligned itself with Ayatollah Khomeini in hopes that it could run for office after Shah Pahlavis exile, but Ayatollah Khomeini succeeded in overthrowing the Shah and he crushed any opposition to his tonic government. Since 1979, MEK has been trying to gain the opportunity to run for office in Irans government by shifting each(prenominal)iances and violently attacking the forces, which have prevented its political ambitions (Goulka 2009). In 2003, the root word perpetuallyydayally let ond personnel in an attempt to foster global political stick out, but its empower on the Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) list is blocking it from achieving its desired global support.According to MEK, it has strived for freedom and human rights, first against the despotic reign of Shah, and now the theocratic tyranny of the ayatollahs (MEK n.d.). It is an anti-fundamentalist Muslimorganization which believes in a democratic, progressive, and handsome interpretation of Islam, according to which elections and mankind suffrage atomic number 18 the sole indicators of political legitimacy. The PMOI endeavors for a secular, democratic, and non-nuclear republic, and is committed to free elections, gender equality, and abolition of all discrimination against national and religious minorities (MEK n.d.) Non-nuclear is a key consideration for the united States and early(a) western powers. Iran has progressively taunted the creation with its nuclear program and refuses to deescalate military tensions. In bold statements of aggression, in 2012 alone, Iran has announced two new missiles, an air defense site, and a fleet of ultra-fast gun boats figure of speeched to zip into b attle against larger western fleets.In a twist of fate, MEKs future may lie in the hands of the United States. The United States has until October 1, 2012 to decide if it will delist MEK from the FTO. If MEK is delisted it will enjoy practically more freedom of movement or so the world and it will be subject to legally receive funds from U.S. based sympathizers. It is non unreasonable to return that the U.S. will delist MEK in an effort to undermine the Iranian Government, much like Saddam Hussein stateed MEK a home in 1986 to undermine Iran during the Iran Iraq war. Leadership, Funding and CapabilitiesMost of MEKs original leadershiphip was arrested and leand in 1971, but Massoud Rajavi escaped death and remains a leader of MEK. Though he has not been seen publicly since 2003, his wife, Maryam Rajavi, is the public face of the MEK in her role as president-elect of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (Jones 2012).In the past four decades the group has used several methods to raise funds for its campaign. Some methods have made the group infamous and add to the list of reasons that the U.S. and several other nations have classified it as a Foreign Terrorist Organization. MEK has abundant been deft in deception and has used that skill to affect its fund raising efforts. For example, its solicitation of funds for Iranian refugees, child welfargon, and childrens medical services proven to be fraudulent (FBI n.d.).Until 2003, MEK had a substantial armory due(p) to its previous relationshipwith Saddam Hussein. Its gunstock often included artillery, tanks, air fashion, rocket launchers, rifles, mortars, shells, rockets, land mines, and bullets (FBI n.d.). In 2003, the United States bombed MEK camps and bunkers based on their relationship to Saddam Hussein and the idea that they posed a significant terror with their armaments. MEK members no longer have easy access to such large stockpiles of arms. MEK is now facing expatriation from its Iraq i camp Ashraf and remains dis gird. Operating Bases, Support Bases, StrengthsMEK has moved its headquarters over the years as a necessary part of survival. Originally founded in Tehran, it moved to Paris after the 1979 Iranian Revolution. The group had allied with the Ayatollah Khomeini, but Khomeini forced the group out in fear of opposition. In 1986 Saddam Hussein invited the group to relocate to camp Ashraf. Iraq was at war with Iran, and relocating the group from Paris to Iraq was Husseins method of undermining Iran. At the range of the U.S. led war in Iraq under Operation Iraqi Freedom, the group was classified as foeman combatants and subsequently confined to Camp Ashraf, where approximately 3,000 MEK now live (Carter 2011). The new government of Iraq has declared that all members of MEK mustiness leave the country, and the U.N. is shortly working to resettle the group elsewhere. For the moment MEK enjoys limited support from sympathizers around the world, but it is state l ittle which is both a strength and a weakness.The U.N., citing international law, will not drop out the Iraqi government to force members to leave Iraq or force repatriation until members have a suitable place to live. This predicament brings MEK some publicity and sympathy for their cause, but Iraqs determination to expel MEK could not have occurred at a worse time. With June 2013 elections nearing, increasing tension with western military powers, and an imminent Israeli preemptive suck in against Iranian nuclear targets, MEK leadership must act swiftly to ensure its place in the 2013 elections. tell apart II RED TEAM ANALYSISWhy Use Red Team Analysis? habituated the complex dynamics of the Iranian touch, analysts should usethe Red Team Analysis technique in nine to exceed predict what course(s) of action MEK leadership will take to assume control of the government. By empathizing with the MEK leadership analysts can gain better insight to most likely courses of action. The end state of this analytic technique is to provide Congress and the President with an accurate forecast of MEKs courses of action so that the United States may take in the appropriate short and long term foreign policy in the Middle East.Since MEK desires a peaceful, patient of Iran that can only be legitimized via free elections and public suffrage, it cannot take control of the nation by force. Therefore, MEKs options are limited and it must patiently await the 2013 elections regardless of the growing concern of military action and economic sanctions. As President Ahmadinejad continues to escalate military tension with western nations and Israel, through missile, nuclear, and naval programs (Torbati 2012). MEK leadership must carefully calculate how to win popular Iranian support, world support, and financial backing all without ever appearing to be solved by western powers as previous Iranian leaders had.Restate up-to-date MEK GoalsRed Team Analysis must begin with placing oneself in the shoes of MEK leadership. The key to determining any viable course of action is to outline clear goals or milestones. With clear goals, analysts can categorize what actions and strategies are available and likely. According to MEKs official website, its current goals, rather, solution to the western-Iranian strife is to rid the region and the world of the incubus of the Islamic fundamentalists armed with nuclear weapons by democratic change in Iran by the people and the Resistance (Rajavi 2010). This say goal remains largely unchanged from its 1970s goal. The main difference now is that MEK is more tolerant of western aid, albeit, so long as they do not become overly influenced by it. tell apart Assumptions CheckParamount to the analytic process is a key assumptions check. This step allows analysts to clearly document the chute point of their cognitive map as thoroughly as allowing time to consider info that challenges cognitivebiases. The key assumptions must b e listed in such a way that analysts feel like MEK leaders would if trying to decide how to realize their stated goal of taking control of the Iranian government. Below is a list of key assumptions in this Red Team Analysis. Previous Failures. All previous attempts to control government have failed beginning with the overthrow of the Shah in 1979. This assumption is critical because the MEK believed the Ayatollah Khomeini was their ally. They were betrayed. They banded together only to be exiled within two years and many members were arrested and executed bit Khomeini consolidated power.The experience likely taught MEK to distrustfulness any potential allies within the current political science. History of Violence. During the 1960s the Shah used force and violence against government opposition. Uprisings in the 1970s culminated in the exile of the Shah, but into the mid-eighties MEK fought the new Iranian government. During the Iraq-Iran war that began in the early 1980s, MEK se ttled just north of Baghdad and fought a cross border war with the clerical regime for twenty more years. Only at the turn of the century did MEK publicly denounce violence and terrorist tactics. The significance is that, while MEK members are accepting of risk and violence, they have matured and realize that they do not operate in a vacuum. MEK understands the need for global acceptance. HUMINT Value. MEK can offer HUMINT to the U.S. No other organization with detailed knowledge of Iran and its military and political system is willing to provide such information to western powers.The U.S. has had extremely limited success installing or recruiting agents in Iran because of extreme scrutiny that outsiders face, and CIA informants are usually discovered due to poor tradecraft (Hosenball 2011). MEK however, has family, friends, sympathizers and safe houses inside Iran. As well, since the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 MEK has standard training, equipment and funds to carry out attacks inside Iran and to collaborate with U.S. and Israeli intelligence services (Joshi 2012). MEKs HUMINT value is maybe the most important aspect for western powers. MEK leadership understands the power they hold and must leverage it wisely. noesis of U.S. Tactics Techniques and Procedures. MEK leaders are aware of U.S. TTPs at the small unit tactics level up through executive branch policymaking. They will play on the American and Israeli fears of a nuclear armed Iran while leveraging their HUMINT and political value to affect their delisting from the FTO. Oncedelisted they will be able to receive more funding from international sources, thus requiring less U.S. support and will become less responsive to U.S. demands. Western Support Critical For Financing, Opposite of IdeologyBeing listed on the U.S. Foreign Terrorist Organization list impedes MEKs financing efforts. In order to gain power they must be delisted decade long endeavor thus far. Its members have cooperated with Israeli and U.S. intelligence services since 2003 in an effort to gain support and take over the political regime in Iran, but its original ideology was very much opposed to any western influence. MEK must exercise extreme caution to ensure that the group does not appear to be another puppet regime of the U.S and especially not in collaboration with Israel. If jeopardize with defeat, the current regime will likely try to puff MEK as a puppet regime, and if the U.S. loses influence it may also try to publicize MEKs cooperation in an effort to decrease its credibility among Iranians. Enormity of the Situation. MEK is currently stateless. Though the U.N. has petitioned several governments to accept MEK members, most have declined to accept them. With nowhere to go MEK is desperate to gain power in Iran because it belongs to no other state. If they fail the Iranian regime will likely execute them, despite President Ahmadinejads amnesty offer. Data Collection OptionsOf the many assembly opti ons the United States has at its disposal, a handful stand out as being the most practical. HUMINT may be the best collection option because it offers an inside look at MEK and the status of the Iranian nuclear and defense programs as well as the mentality and plans of regime leaders. For example, an undercover agent, code named Wally, joined the Revolutionary Guard in the 1980s and gave the CIA plans, ideology, weaponry etc, and he was able to recruit several more members of the Revolutionary Guard to turn double-crosser for the CIA (Zucchino 2012).OSINT is another extremely useful collection option, which can provide detailed atmospherics and help depict the support, or lack thereof, of the general public to the current and possible successor regimes. OSINT can also offer information on Irans defensive and offensive capabilities as depictedin the recent revelation that Iran has cloned a fleet of ultra-fast gun boats. Originally produced in England, the Bradstone Challenger (Blade runner) is a speedboat with a basal hull design that affords it great stability at high speeds. Iran illicitly purchased a Bladerunner in 2009, reverse engineered the design, and manufactured its take in fleet which the Navy modified to launch torpedoes and missiles at full speed. The Bladerunner fleet, combined with an array of heavily armed small craft, including unmanned high-speed Ya Mahdi vessels, Bavar 2 flying boats, Seraj-1 high-speed patrol boats and Zolfaghar fast attack craft (Stock 2012) poses a significant threat to the Strait of Hormuz and western naval forces with much larger and slower vessels.signals intelligence and MASINT will likely have to wait until military confrontation begins in order to be relevant. MEKs equipment inventory is very limited, so SIGINT and MASINT should not be a top priority. GEOINT is relevant in that it depicts the correlativity of key terrain to strategic targets and political issues. For example, GEOINT can depict which routes MEK woul d likely take in order to conveyance to Tehran or flee Iraq in other ways. It also helps answer contingency operation questions such as, what if MEK takes control of the military and attempts to hold the Strait of Hormuz ransom? In a more tactical situation GEOINT can provide detailed dimensions of hideouts and buildings for the U.S. to plan an attack should the need arise. Use of the Intelligence CommunityThe CIA is the best is the best substance to use to handle collection on MEK. The agency has more than half a century of experience in working with sources and is best trained in managing counterintelligence and misinformation techniques. Already, the CIA has worked with MEK members since 2002 when MEK publicized Irans underground uranium enrichment program. Training MEK members in tradecraft techniques and supporting their cross-border subversion tactics allows the CIA to wage a proxy war with Iran while strengthening its relationship and gaining more human intelligence on bot h MEK and Iran. No other agency within the United States has the resources to foster this type of relationship with MEK. Most Effective Intelligence Analysis StrategiesThe strong intelligence strategy to use for evaluating MEK and forecasting its actions is to begin with Analysis of Competing Hypotheses and follow those results with the Devils Advocacy method. Analysis of Competing Hypotheses. ACH is nonpareil for evaluating MEK because there are diverse dynamics involved in forecasting MEK actions. Considering that the U.S. must decide to pass or delist MEK from the FTO on October 1, 2012, ACH would provide decision makers with a documented line of reasoning to support an Intelligence Forecast. Devils Advocacy. The prevailing consensus in Washington is that MEK has morphed from a militant group to a political group in the past decade and will be a more western friendly regime if it comes to power. But what if MEK is playing the west to gain power now, while secretly planning to s pread its 1979 revolutionary ideology across the Middle East and North Africa in an attempt to reestablish Persian assurance? It seems that the west is focused first on countering a nuclear threat and second on countering any blocking of the Hormuz Strait. No additional talking points regarding Iran or MEK have received much publicity since 1979. closingMEK is a wild card in the Iran standoff. The United States and other western powers, as well as Israel, must carefully consider how to proceed with MEK relationships. The organization has shown a history of changing allies in order to advance its goals, making it predictable in the sense that they can be counted on to do whatever it takes to survive and take control of the Iranian government. To brush MEK aside may mean traffic with a nuclear armed Iran later, and to support MEK may mean dealing with a provoked Iran now. No matter the decision, each carries its own implications for U.S. foreign policy. Washington must ultimately d ecide between the lesser of two evils.BibliographyCarter, Chelsea. U.N., Iraq agree to temporary relocation of Iranian exiles. CNN, December 26, 2011. http// articles.cnn.com/2011-12-26/middleeast/world_meast_iraq-camp-ashraf-relocation_1_camp-ashraf-ashraf-residents-mek/2?_s=PMMIDDLEEAST (accessed July 28, 2012).FBI. Seven assert Guilty to Providing Material Support to Designated Foreign Terrorist Organization. FBI. http//www.fbi.gov/losangeles/press-releases/2009/la042809a.htm (accessed July 29, 2012).Goulka, Jeremiah, et al. The Mujahedin-e Khalq in Iraq A Policy Conundrum. RAND Corporation Santa Monica, 2009.Hosenball, Mark. Hezbollah, Iran uncover CIA informants. Reuters. http//www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/21/us-cia-hezbollah-idUSTRE7AK2MQ20111121 (accessed August 23, 2012).Jones, Owen Bennet. An Iranian mystery Just who are the MEK?BBC News. http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17615065 (accessed July 30, 2012).Joshi, Shashank. Iran and the Mujahedin e Khalq (MEK). Harvard Un iversity Department of Government. http//shashankjoshi.wordpress.com/2012/05/30/iran-and-the-mujahedin-e-khalq-mek/ (accessed August 24, 2012).Masters, Jonathan. Mujahadeen-e-Khalq (MEK) (aka Peoples Mujahedin of Iran or PMOI). Council on Foreign Relations, July 18, 2012. http//www.cfr.org/iran/mujahadeen-e-khalq-mek-aka-peoples-mujahedin-iran-pmoi/p9158 (accessed July 24, 2012).MEK. Camp Ashraf About Us. MEK. http//www.campashraf.org/ round/camp-ashraf/ (accessed July 30, 2012).Rajavi, Maryam. Comprehensive sanctions is the essential first step, regime change is the final solution. Peoples Mojahedin Organization of Iran. http//www.mojahedin.org/pagesen/detailsNews.aspx?newsid=9551 (accessed August 22, 2012).

War on Terrorism Essay Example for Free

War on Terrorism EssayDuring the year 1998, a group of Ameri stack neoconservatives openly wrote to President Clinton to attack Iraq. This group was known as the Committee for serenity and Security in the Gulf. They were in real sense calling for the Americans to form part of a substitute army of attack for Israel. The signatories included capital of Minnesota Wolforitz, Richard Perle and Eliot Abrams among others. Of course Clinton resisted these ventures and instead indicated support for the Iraq Liberation Act providing $ 97 million for training and equipping Iraqi exile groups. Come 2000, this particular group went ahead to target the think tank the Project for the New American Century con cofounded by the wishs of Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Lewis Libby and Paul Wolforwitz (Flum, 2008). A Break with Previous united States Foreign and Defense Policy During this time, three think tanks which were pro-Israel were championing homogeneous ideas The Jewish Institute for na tional Security Affairs (JINSA), The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), as well as the Center for Security Policy (CSP).These neoconservatives formed an integral part of the Bush 2000 presidential campaign as foreign-policy advisors (Flum, 2008). At this point in time, these powerful psychealities easily influenced Bush with the ideological obsessions they had. What can be said here is that the Operation Iraqi Freedom, a description given to the invasion and commercial enterprise of Iraq by the U. S and affiliates represents a new dimension with regards to post-conflict humanitarian action.This new approach integrates security, humanitarian response, reconstructive memory as well as g everyplacenance under the umbrella of the department of Defense. The contend on act of terrorism represents a agree with preceding(prenominal) United States foreign and confession policy to the extent that the UN agencies and non governing bodyal organizations which conventionally h ad coordinated and implemented humanitarian assistance as well as post conflict reconstruction activities, are now relegated only to playing supportive roles within efforts supervised from the Pentagon (Charny, 2003).Again the war on terrorism represents a break with previous United States foreign and defense policy to the extent that the Iraq war is perceived as an expression of a new national security policy of pre-emptive self defense by the Bush administration (Charny, 2003). In spite of this new perception, it has there seems to be no mankind discussion of the long-term insinuations of the new approach to humanitarian assistance and post-conflict reconstruction the administration has embraced.Still, this break with the previous U. S foreign and defense policy is evident in the way humanitarian assistance has been militarized, the troops given political, diplomatic and humanitarian responsibilities as well as the fact that donor government and mugwump agency contributions ha ve been minimized. It has been argued that it is unclear the extent to which these new approaches can be considered new U. S doctrines more(prenominal) so regarding humanitarian emergencies.A discussion concerning NGOs with Joseph Collins, the assistant secretary of Defense and the person charged with running the pentagons Stability Office clearly suggests that at least in the meantime, the discussion section of Defense will lead humanitarian operations in emergencies surrounding the military. According to Dr. Collins, the taking over of the humanitarian and reconstruction activities in the post-conflict Iraq by the Pentagon is a reflection of the assessment of lessons learned from post-conflict reconstruction efforts (Charny, 2003).In the opinion of Dr Collins, there lacked a clear overall authority who could coordinate the diverse players like the government leaders, UN agencies and personnel, as well as the peacekeeping forces among others, thereby plaguing the efforts in Kosov o and Afghanistan. Following those events, the conclusion of the Pentagon was that there was a need for a single unit to command all the aspects of the post-conflict response, thus placing these activities in the hands of the Department of Defense (Charny, 2003).This is a further illustration of the way the war on terrorism represents a break with previous United States foreign and defense policy. Conclusion In the final analysis, all these attempts represent a radical shift in the multicultural character of post-conflict endeavors over the past years in areas like Cambodia, East Timor, Afghanistan and the Balkans. It therefore means that the war on terrorism represents a break with previous United States foreign and defense policy.It should be noted however that this approach has not yielded positive results in Iraq. The Pentagons Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA) did not include the UN and the NGOs during its pre-war planning. The overall implication for this has been the ORHAs slowness in restoring basic services as well as its failure to impart a legitimate Iraqi authority to locally run the state (Charny, 2003).ReferencesCharny, J. R. (2003). The United States in Iraq An try With Unilateral Humanitarianism. Institute for Policy Studies, (IPS) Foreign Policy in Focus, Washington DC. Retrieved December 29, 2008 from http//www. fpif. org/commentary/2003/0306dodreconst_body. hypertext markup language Flum, P. (2008). The Origins of the Iraqi War The Neoconservative Agenda for Middle East Conflict. Linpage Place, St. Louis. Retrieved December 29, 2008 from http//www. goalsforamericans. org/2004/07/07/the-origins-of-the-iraq-war-the-neoconservative-agenda-for-middle-east-conflict/

Role of Un in Peace Keeping Essay Example for Free

Role of Un in Peace Keeping EssayIn addition to maintaining peace and security, peacekeepers are increasingly charged with assisting in political processes, reforming judicial systems, training law enforcement and police forces, disarming and reintegrating former combatants, supporting the return of internally displaced persons and refugees. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish are the UN official languages. However, UN is facing criticism regarding corruption and abuse and some separate things. Conclusion- UN has a great effect on international peace.But, there are some arguments regarding part of military forces from different countries. To change the world, it need to change itself too. Its better if it has its own military force. United Nations has an scheme called UN Security Council that is responsible for peacekeeping. Five members of this team are permanent members while ten are elect every 2 years. Peacemaking was introduces at the end of cold war an d has undergone immense changes. It keeps evolving to meet the political demands

Evergreen Investment Essay Example for Free

Evergreen Investment essayCase SummaryThis case talks about an American mutual fund party that was lining puzzles with its CRM system. Sales agents felt that they derived little value from it and also it was time consuming. The company is investigating if it could solve this problem by introducing officious CRM to be accessed wirelessly on blackberry devices. But what are the key factors that have contributed to the conquest of mobile CRM initiative at Evergreen?Evergreen investments backgroundEvergreen investments are the Americas 25th queen-sizest asset management company and 32nd largest investment management in the world. It is headquartered in capital of Massachusetts and Charlotte. The company entrusted with $250 billion in assets, over 350 investment professionals and over 3 million investors.CRM in the oldenIn the past, the company use company-supplied laptops to gain access to CRM system, send Emails to customs and expend reporting and focussing tracking. At th e same time, the company use mobile phones to give their customs a voice recollect. plan leaf node calls is another way to build a link with customs. It include informal face-to-face meet. And also, client calls can make company knows the actual sales pitch, discuss market topics with customs, meet new faces and call back-up for data. At last, company update any education in CRM, and participate in evergreen conclave call at fixed period.Issues in the pastAlthough the company uses CRM to gain some success, their issues still exist. On the one hand, this method required too much time. The company extremitys to dial up the Internet, employ multiple passwords and entering lengthy data, all of which are time consuming. On the other hand, some teaching is unavailable when they needed. More specifically, when the company meets the customer, laptops were unavailable. Moreover, the company required the use of internal sales consultant to assistance them handle the business with cus tomers. At last, entry CRM is not well-off, the company usually required 1 daylight per week and sometimes data is unreliable.Mobile CRMIn order to improve the CRM system, the company introduces mobile CRM to be accessed wirelessly on blackberry devices. Blackberry main menu al firsts for informal access to CRM. Its clicking track wheel allows recitation down into any sales number. Initial screens display YTD, MTD, previous days sales, or large orders. It enables more detailed data, reports, customer information, and other tasks. Detailed customer screens show single customer information including contact details and sales summary. On the basis of this mobile CRM, the Evergreen Investments design greatly alter and the productivity increased as well.The key factors to successThe success of the company using mobile CRM imputable to three factors, easy to use, reliability and updated. More specifically, using the simple method can build an easy way to contact between customers and company. It also makes the company more effective in terms of CRM. In addition, the CRM system should be reliability for both customers and company, which resulting a trusted relationship between customers and company. At last, the company should update their data about their customers. The updated progress should be easy and fast.Potential threatsEven if the company uses mobile CRM with an exact way, they may face some potential threats as well. People do not need to come to office, they just need a mobile phone and work wherever they want, which could lead to the low efficiency. They need to handle the relation between family and work. And also this kind of work pattern is not easy for managers to manage their company.

Key features of Spies in the opening chapter Essay Example for Free

Key features of Spies in the possibility chapter EssayThe key features of Spies are introduced and highlighted by the expenditure of different narrative techniques which occur by means ofout the fresh. One of the most important features in the novel is conundrum this is executed largely due to the incident that Stephen is not a reliable vote counter. His uncertainty means that we are not t anile the truth at times. This very aspect portrays Spies as a modern novel. By creating ambiguity at that place is no certainty or clarity in the plot, despite the narrator having lived through the story. This enables Frayn to rumourmonger on perception, an important theme in the novel.Childhood is also a vital aspect in this novel as it helps reviewers discover Stephens past and acknowledge the way in which he has grown up. It also assists readers in drawing differences between Stephen as a youth and an over-the-hill man narrator still more than it helps Frayn to comment on identi ty which is another key feature. Relationships are also signifi weight as they are every made or broken in Spies. Moreover the structure of the novel in itself is fundamental and acts as a key feature, largely because it composes suspense and helps introduce the key features.The initiation chapter is written in ii different trys the present in which we establish the effect the shade of a plant has on the narrator who is an old man, the past tense in which memories are introduced by the old man narrator and again the present tense as the old man narrator travels back in time and recounts slightly of those memories. Mystery is something which dirty dognot be explained or understood, and often leaves the reader confused. This is instantly accomplished in the very rootage sentence of the opening chapterThe third week of June, and there it is again the uniform about embarrassingly known breath of sweetness We are introduced to the novel in the present tense which draws the r eader in and acquaints them with the same knowledge as the narrator. June helps establish a time. Moreover it is an unknown factor which is introduced with the third person pronoun that helps create intrigue by giving it an importance. again argues that the narrator has formally been acquainted with this unknown factor only if is withholding this information from the reader.The use of a colon in the course credit allows readers a moment to expose and so the pace gathers suspense. It also acts as a qualifier as after the colon the it is disclosed, almost embarrassingly beaten(prenominal) breath of sweetness We are left to question why a familiar breath of sweetness is embarrassing. Frayn reveals that a aspect is the subject of the sentence, but in doing so he creates further intrigue. This however is subsequently revealed to be the smell of privet. The privet is a shrub and it is the smell of this shrub which conjures embarrassing memories.This is explored in Chapter Five o f the novel when we come across Stephen and Keiths fix in the privet Im too embarrassed to watch her You cant look at her face Theres nowhere left expect the bit in between and that bump of a lady, as Ive known for at least a year now, is her bosom This creates humour something which is conformable throughout Spies as Frayn describes Stephans naivety as a boor. It also solves the root of Stephens embarrassment. Mysteries continue to be feature in the opening chapter as a key feature which is subsequently developed in the novel. for a moment Im a child again and everythings before me all the frightening, half-understood promise of life. In this cite we find a time shift from the present to the past in which the first person narrator is an liberal reflecting upon his childhood. The key newss used within this quotation are frightening, half-understood, and promise of life. These words conjure a sense of negativity and leave the reader questioning why the smell is frightening and half understood.The word frightening introduces us to suspense, and leaves us to question the uncertainty of this intriguing smell. furthermore, frightening, half-understood promise of life, illustrates that the narrators upbringing was distorted, as a childs future, the promise of life is a positive reference, but Stephens recollection of his has prejudicial connotations. This is reflected in Chapter 9 where Stephen is face by Mr Hayward. I follow him across the street to the Haywards house, holding the basket with both hands, sick with apprehension. This quotation reinforces the fear felt by Stephen as a child. Sick suggests that Stephen is distressed. In addition apprehension illustrates the fact that Stephen is in fear and extremely terrified of Mr Haywards actions. The second separate of the opening Chapter continues in the present tense to allow us as readers to learn more about the intriguing smell. It draws the readers awareness to every degree and makes us want t o read on. It must come from the gardens. Which one? I can never pull back it. Frayns use of a question and the short sentence reflects the old man narrators confusion. I can never trace it, confirms the uncertainty and mystery over the smell as well as reflecting the narrators state of legal opinion of confusion and agitation. Frayn develops this theme of confusion and perception, throughout Spies. In Chapter Five Stephen does not know the meaning of x. What is the cling to of x, I struggle to calculate, over and over again through the farsighted confusions of the night Here it is unambiguous that Frayn is withholding information which intrigues the readers.The value of x is unclear this leaves it open to interpretation as x highlights mystery. To the readers x can emphasize numerous factors. This may include birthdays, anniversaries, bank associated dates and so forth. Returning to the second paragraph of the novel Frayn writes, Its not like the heartbreaking tender sweetn ess of the lime blossom The use of an oxymoron reinforces the old man narrators confusion as he tries to identify the source of the smell. This creates mystery and suspense. One critical rating of this is argued by Max Watman, in which he states,If we are not to benefit from the older mans perspective until the hold out dozen or so pages, why introduce him at the start? Max Watman, The New Criterion, (May 2002) I strongly disagree as without two narrative voices the difference between appearance and reality cannot be achieved. This creates mystery which ties in with the fact that Frayn often withholds information until the next paragraph or chapter to create anticipation. The old man narrator continues with, What is it, that terrible, disturbing presence in the summer air? The words, terrible and disturbing create an ominous tone. The narrator is giving it a physical representation by referring to it as a negative presence this gives it a nightmarish quality something which ha unts the narrator and which will inevitably haunt us. This reinforces the sense of mystery. The smell continuous to be described with negative imagery, Theres nothing clean about the stench The word reek suggests an unpleasant, powerful smell and creates a negative tone. Insinuating itself so slyly, Suggests that the smell is somewhat sneaky and creeps upon him unexpectedly.Its unmistakable that the smell is frustrating him furthermore the word insinuating suggests that it is reminding the old man narrator of unpleasant memories. The smell acts as a catalyst and prompts Stephen to remember Keiths mother, Shes sitting in the dust in front of me, weeping course unnoticed into the deepest recesses of my memory, to stay with me for the rest of my life, is that sweet and luring reek. The use of assonance among, seeping, deepest, weeping portrays to us the lingering teasing memories. The memory off the past is finished of negatively with the repetition of reek. The hard k sound at t he end makes it sound harsh. Childhood plays another key feature in the novel seen in the opening chapter where Frayn uses another oxymoron to present the contradiction of a, Far-off nearby land. One interpretation of this is that the narrator is physically unconnected from his home but nevertheless, it is nearby in his memories again this reflects the narrators confusion and agitation concerning the smell, as it reminds him of his childhood. You cant go back, everyone knows that So Im never going whence Im getting old. Frayn gradually reveals information concerning the narrators persona here we can establish that the narrator is an old man who should have a better understanding of his past then appears to be the case. The use of ellipses everyone knows that portrays that the narrator is hesitant about what he is going to do. Childish disbelief, in contrast, is to be expected as part of the process of outgrowth up, Keith? I query, trying not to sound as frightened as I am. W hat are you doing? Where are you? I climb reluctantly back through the hole in the fence. Reluctantly shows that Stephen is unwilling and not keen to climb back through the fence. This proves his hesitation and dependency on Keith and the fact that he doesnt want to pursue anything without him because he doesnt have the confidence to do so. The fact that the old man narrator seems to be equally hesitant creates suspense as the reader wonders what terrible events must have occurred in his childhood. Then the laughters gone I dont know what to do or what to say. Here again we witness the dilemma faced by the narrator as a child and his inability to deal with the complications set before him.By introducing the key feature of childhood in the opening chapter, we are able to witness how Stephen grows up as portrayed in Chapter Eight Do I feel alright? I have a sense of freedom, as if Im no longer retract by the rules and restrictions of childhood. This shows Stephen growing up and le nto moving away from depending on Keith. As part of growing up, comes the awakening sense of romance and sexuality Its name breathes itself through the perfumed air as slowly and softly as a sigh L a m o r n a The use of personification within this quotation of Chapter Eight helps portray the idea that La m o r n a is alive by giving it a long vowel sound as though it is breathing a type of human quality. This ultimately shows Stephens increase awareness of his senses which suggests his sexuality and him growing up. Identity in Spies is another key feature and ties in importantly with childhood. Firstly the identification of the smell is vitally significant. The fact that the narrators daughter identifies it as Liguster, which is the German name for the shrub, reveals more about the narrators identity Liguster No.And yet, as another wave of that shameless summons drifts over us, everything inside me stirs and sifts. The personification within this quotation illustrates a persiste nt sense demanding Stephens attention. Liguster The use of ellipsis shows the control that the smell has over him it stays with him and has settled on his conscience, Liguster And yet its whispering to me of some thing secret, of some mysterious and unsettling thing at the back of my mind, of something I dont quite like to think about This portrays the smell as devious.Liguster is a catalyst within Stephens memories it is the Liguster that makes him remember his childhood. The words dark and unsettling, are both very negative. They suggest the unknown and ooze a lack of understanding where Frayn is deliberately trying to block out this secret. Furthermore it leaves readers to question why Liguster is dark and unsettling. We wonder what awful event or events must have occurred. In addition, the quotation whispering to me is personification which reminds us of something surreptitious that is devious and cunning and suddenly creeps up on him.This can be linked to the key theme of perception, which is the difference between appearance and reality allowing insight on a matter. There was a German spy in the Close that summer. It wasnt his mother it was me. This quotation creates irony as throughout Spies, Stephen related German people to germs, as in Chapter ex Hes an old tramp, filthy and bearded. And hes a German His Germanness lingers in the air This reinforces his childhood and the immaturity attached to it whereas the quotation within Chapter Eleven reveals the real identity of the old man narrator this old man is Stefan Weitzler.